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Peace-building --- Psychological aspects.

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Mnemonic devices have remained integral to human learning processes through history, as man continues to grapple with his existential experiences. Such epistemological consideration considers knowledge as a universal experience of recall, whereby events, objects, texts and processes are commited to memory. However, threats to Nigeria’s sociopolitical life has been the reverse of this logic with the erasure of History from the curriculum of secondary schools until the recent attempts at its restoration. It is such neglect that prompted this study’s examination of the need to revive the consciousness of the importance of historical lessons in the consolidation of the country’s democracy by adopting a memorialisation policy. It conceptualizes memorialisation within the framework of creation of public memorials as important for national integration and peacebuilding through references to extant memory initiatives. It then proceeds to situate the eight principles of memorialisation - as proposed by Impunity Watch - within the global context while drawing from an array of literature within the humanities and social sciences. In relaying this to the Nigerian context, the paper focuses on relevant historical events and discussions around the Nigerian Civil War with the purpose of demonstrating how memorialisation can be adopted in facilitating peacebuilding efforts in Nigeria, as a means to address different secessionist bids in a sustainable manner.

History --- Political Science --- peace --- civil war --- peace-building --- Nigerian politics --- memorialisation

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Seit der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts wird im politisch-gesellschaftlichen Kontext der eigentlich religiös konnotierte Begriff "Versöhnung" immer häufiger zur Beschreibung von Konfliktlösungsstrategien benutzt. Doch was bedeutet Versöhnung bezogen auf Politik und Gesellschaft? Welche Faktoren sind relevant für Versöhnungsprozesse? Womit lassen sich Erfolge, aber auch Hindernisse und Rückschläge auf dem Weg der Versöhnung erklären? In dem vorliegenden Band gehen internationale Forscherinnen und Forscher aus Geschichtswissenschaft, Politikwissenschaft, Soziologie und Theologie diesen Fragen nach. In ihren Beiträgen wird Versöhnung auf zwei Ebenen reflektiert. Auf der ersten Ebene handelt es sich um übergreifende Analysen von Faktoren, die Versöhnungsprozesse beeinflussen. Auf der zweiten Ebene werden bestimmte Aspekte von Versöhnungsprozessen an einschlägigen Fallbeispielen aus dem Kontext des deutsch-französischen und russisch-finnischen Verhältnisses, des ehemaligen Jugoslawiens, Süd- und Nordkorea, der DDR und Südafrika veranschaulicht.Alle Beiträge machen deutlich, dass, obwohl unterschiedlichen Versöhnungsprozessen bestimmte Elemente gemeinsam sind, Versöhnung als ein sich dynamisch wandelnder, immer kontextgebundener Aushandlungsprozess erscheint, der multilateral von Akteuren aus Kirchen, Politik und Gesellschaft getragen wird.

Reconciliation --- Political aspects. --- Peace making --- Peacemaking --- Reconciliatory behavior --- Quarreling

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In 2011, political protests sprang up across the world. In the Middle East, Europe, Latin America, the United States unlikely people sparked or led massive protest campaigns from the Arab Spring to Occupy Wall Street. These protests were made up of educated and precariously employed young people who challenged the legitimacy of their political leaders, exposed a failure of representation, and expressed their dissatisfaction with their place in the aftermath of financial and economic crisis. This book interrogates what impacts—if any—this global protest cycle had on politics and policy and shows the sometimes unintended ways it continues to influence contemporary political dynamics throughout the world. Proposing a new framework of analysis that calls attention to the content and claims of protests, their global connections, and the responsiveness of political institutions to protest demands, this is one of the few books that not only asks how protest movements are formed but also provides an in-depth examination of what protest movements can accomplish. With contributions examining the political consequences of protest, the roles of social media and the internet in protest organization, left- and right-wing movements in the United States, Chile’s student movements, the Arab Uprisings, and much more this collection is essential reading for all those interested in the power of protest to shape our world.

Political ideologies --- Economic history --- Peace studies & conflict resolution --- Social classes --- Protest --- Democracy --- Political Science

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“This book is essential for enhancing one’s understanding of international conflict and for the continued relevance of the UN as a key stakeholder and participant in world affairs.” —Maj. Gen. Kristin Lund, Head of Mission and Chief of Staff, UN peacekeeping mission in the Middle East (UNTSO) “This outstanding collection is a must-read for anyone interested in the challenges of peacekeeping today.” —Dr. Lise Howard, Georgetown University, USA “I would recommend this book to policy makers, peacekeepers and scholars who wish to understand and improve the effectiveness of modern peacekeeping.” —Lt. Gen. Carlos Alberto dos Santos Cruz, former Force Commander in the UN missions in the DRC (MONUSCO) and Haiti (MINUSTAH) “This exceptional collection of analyses by experts from both the global North and South will be of interest to practitioners and scholars alike – highly recommended.” —Prof. Ramesh Thakur, Australian National University This open access volume explores how UN peace operations are adapting to four trends in the changing global order: (1) the rebalancing of relations between states of the global North and the global South; (2) the rise of regional organisations as providers of peace; (3) the rise of violent extremism and fundamentalist non-state actors; and (4) increasing demands from non-state actors for greater emphasis on human security. It identifies emerging conflict and peace trends (robustness of responses, rise of non-state threats, cross-state conflicts) and puts them in the context of tectonic shifts in the global order (rise of emerging powers, North–South rebalancing, emergence of regional organisations as providers of peace). The volume stimulates a discussion between practitioners and academics, offering an analysis of how the international community collectively makes sense of the changing global order and its implications for UN peace operations. Cedric de Coning is Senior Research Fellow at the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI), Norway and Senior Advisor for the African Centre for the Constructive Resolution of Disputes (ACCORD), South Africa. Mateja Peter is Lecturer at the University of St. Andrews, UK and Senior Research Fellow at the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI), Norway.

Peace. --- International organization. --- Security, International. --- Globalization. --- Regionalism. --- Peace Studies. --- International Organization. --- International Security Studies. --- Conflict Studies. --- Human geography --- Nationalism --- Interregionalism --- Global cities --- Globalisation --- Internationalization --- International relations --- Anti-globalization movement --- Collective security --- International security --- Disarmament --- International organization --- Peace --- Federation, International --- Global governance --- Interdependence of nations --- International administration --- International federation --- Organization, International --- World federation --- World government --- World order --- World organization --- Congresses and conventions --- Political science --- International agencies --- International cooperation --- Security, International --- World politics --- Coexistence, Peaceful --- Peaceful coexistence --- Peace-building --- War --- Globalization --- Regionalism